[10], Mary I, Elizabeth's half-sister, became queen in 1553. Previously, we had to cut tooling board, then reprogram. A good answer should then include some historiography - i.e. "[114] Historian Judith Maltby writes that Anglicanism as a recognisable tradition "owes more to the Restoration than the Reformation". The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. This prayer book was to be used by every church under the rule of Elizabeth.Elizabethan Settlement Act of Supremacy and Uniformity. [7] Christ's Real Presence in the Eucharist was no longer explained by the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation; instead, the 1552 Book of Common Prayer promoted the Reformed teaching of Christ's spiritual presence. [14] He argues the modifications were most likely meant to appease domestic and foreign Lutheran Protestants who opposed the memorialist view originating from reformed Zurich. In order to do this the queen would have to walk a fine line, what has been called the via The Elizabethan period in England had a daily life based on social order: the monarch as the highest, the nobility as second rank, the gentry as third, merchants as fourth, and laborers as fifth.The queen was believed to be Gods representation here on Earth. [72] In the early years, some 300 Catholics fled, especially to the University of Louvain. Crime and punishment in Elizabethan England - The British Library Elizabeths challenges when she came to the throne. They also insisted on taking an oath of supremacy, that requires anyone taking public or church office to swear allegiance to the monarchs as the head of the Church and State. What was the reaction of the Catholics to the Religious Settlement? What was the reaction of the Puritans to the Religious Settlement. Religion in England 1558: Catholics vs Protestants. They were implemented in the Act of Uniformity and the Act of Supremacy of 1559. The Act of Supremacy of 1558 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and Parliament conferred on Elizabeth the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England. When his request was denied, Henry separated the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church and claimed that he, rather than the pope, was its supreme head on earth. [71], In the early years of Elizabeth's reign, most Catholics hoped the Protestant ascendancy would be temporary, as it had been prior to Mary's restoration of papal authority. The Act of Supremacy of 1558 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and Parliament conferred on Elizabeth the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England. 28.9K subscribers Elizabeth I immediately created her religious settlement after coming to the throne. religion in elizabethan england bbc bitesize Blog; About; Tours; Contact Religion became a very divisive factor in peoples lives in England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church of Rome. Afterwards, executions of Catholic priests became more common, and in 1585, it became treason for a Catholic priest to enter the country, as well as for anyone to aid or shelter him. [34][35] Opposition to the so-called "popish wardrobe" made it impossible to enforce the rubric. Haigh argues that the Act of Uniformity "produced an ambiguous Book of Common Prayer: a liturgical compromise which allowed priests to perform the Church of England communion with Catholic regalia, standing in the Catholic position, and using words capable of Catholic interpretation". However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of, This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church. This Act was passed in 1534 and was the consequence of the previous Act of Succession in 1533. Elizabeth's predicament. The fifth Parliament of King Henry VIII is known as the Reformation Parliament. The Act of Supremacy helped give the reigns of complete control of the Church of England into the hands of Queen Elizabeth. The Thirty-nine Articles were not intended as a complete statement of the Christian faith but of the position of the Church of England in relation to the Catholic Church and dissident Protestants. Liza Picard takes a look at witchcraft, magic and religion in Elizabethan England. All the prayer books of Edward VI were integrated into one book. Protestants Versus Catholics: Religion in Elizabethan England Shakespeare was well acquainted with the religious tensions of his age between the Catholics and the Protestants, and inevitably drew connections between the violent civil Wars of the Roses and the current threat of civil war over religion that many Elizabethans feared. Think uniform you will remember what this Act did if you remember that it is about unifying religious practice. Some indeed, both men and women, married native English people. Most Catholics, however, were "church papists"Catholics who outwardly conformed to the established church while maintaining their Catholic faith in secret. Elizabeth I inherited a kingdom bitterly divided over matters of religion. The papal bull Regnans in Excelsis released Elizabeth's Catholic subjects from any obligation to obey her. The Elizabethan Age saw ties become frayed as a result of English actions, Spanish actions, Religion, The Netherlands and Trade. Education in Elizabethan England. As well as sugar, silks and spices, Persian and Ottoman rugs and carpets covered Elizabethan interiors. [62] Although it was not legally required, it was traditional for virtually all Protestant churches and was also used at home. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. Others refused to conform. Becon engineering works has saved us thousands of dollars and will continue to save us money. You can go into more details about her reign in the Timeline of Queen Elizabeth the First. [119], Last edited on 29 November 2022, at 15:47, Supreme Governor of the Church of England, The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women, History of the Puritans under Queen Elizabeth I, A View of Popish Abuses yet remaining in the English Church, "Music and Reform in France, England, and Scotland", Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia, Documents Illustrative of English Church History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement&oldid=1124606863, This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 15:47. Under the reigns of her father Henry VIII and brother Edward VI, the monarch was always the Head of the Church in England. It included the Act of Supremacy, Act of Uniformity, a new Book of Common Prayer, and the Thirty-Nine Articles. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) that brought the English Reformation to a conclusion. The most important outcome of the Conference, however, was the decision to produce a new translation of the Bible, the 1611 King James Version. This petition for church reform was referred to the Hampton Court Conference of 1604, which agreed to produce a new version of the Book of Common Prayer that incorporated a few changes requested by the Puritans. If anyone who does not follow or refuse to take the other will be charged with the act of Treason.Oath of Allegiance. The house then became a private dwelling, and Ralph Assheton adapted it to make an Elizabethan manor house. Seven bishops, including Cardinal Pole, Mary's Archbishop of Canterbury, died in 1558 and needed to be replaced. The Act of Supremacy passed by the Parliament of England is significant because it declared the English monarch as the head of the church. [16] The Queen's principal secretary was Sir William Cecil, a moderate Protestant. After Elizabeth's death, the Puritans were challenged by a high church, Arminian party that gained power during the reign of Charles I. [4] The doctrines of purgatory, prayer for the dead and the intercession of saints were also rejected during this time. The church was responsible to a great extent to ensure that the Act was being implemented. [48], In some instances, the injunctions contradicted the 1559 prayer book. [68][69][70] Efforts to introduce further religious reforms through Parliament or by means of Convocation were consistently blocked by the Queen. James I tried to balance the Puritan forces within his church with followers of Andrewes, promoting many of them at the end of his reign. The remaining bishops were all Catholics appointed during Mary's reign, and Elizabeth's advisers hoped they could be persuaded to continue serving. In 1645, the prayer book was made illegal and replaced by the Directory for Public Worship. 10 May - an underground explosion at Markham Colliery, near Staveley, Derbyshire, kills 79. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. Religious Settlement One key feature of the religious settlement was that the Act of Supremacy made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England. A lot of Catholics did not accept it, along with some puritans who refused to make any compromises with the Catholics. Most of the other posts went to Marian exiles such as Edmund Grindal for London, Richard Cox for Ely, John Jewel for Salisbury, William Barlow for Chichester and John Scory for Hereford. The act was opposed by many members of the Parliament who were Catholics. The Ordinal and Prayer Book provisions were removed and the Mass left unchanged, with the exception of allowing communion under both kinds. Worksheet to organise the different educations for different classes / genders. The result of this pressure was the separation of the English Church from Catholicism. Church services had to held in English, although, some people disagreed to this and held Latic masses secretly. When Elizabeth acceded to the throne, she followed her half-sister Mary who, in less than five years, had tried to turn the clock back to Roman Catholicism. "[108] Laudianism, however, was unpopular with both Puritans and Prayer Book Protestants, who viewed the high church innovations as undermining forms of worship they had grown attached to. They also believed that God had formed these social ranks and had showered blessings on each rank. When you have done this, use a revision guide/knowledge organiser/BBC Bitesize (Link 1) to check your answers and to help you fill in any gaps. The Queen did not approve, disliking any attempt to undermine the concept of religious uniformity and her own religious settlement. [96], In 1577, Whitgift was made Bishop of Worcester and six years later Archbishop of Canterbury. The Act of Supremacy of 1559 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and conferred the title 'Supreme Governor of the Church of England' on Elizabeth; while the Act of Uniformity of 1559 . [109] The English Civil War resulted in the overthrow of Charles I, and a Puritan dominated Parliament began to dismantle the Elizabethan Settlement. However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of vestments. [87] Bishop Jewel called the surplice a "vestige of error". Their property would then belong to the king. To remember this Act think of the word 'supreme' which can mean the top or superior. Henry was also given the title of Defender of Faith by the Pope. With Phillip II of Spain the consort of England, ties had become as close as ever. Most of their replacements were not consecrated until December 1559 or early 1560. Elizabethan Religious Settlement - Challenge to the Religious Settlement, BBC Bitesize. There was a strict prohibition of foreign leadership in the English church, so denying Elizabeths position in the Church was considered, There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. However, it had two major weaknesses: membership loss as church papists conformed fully to the Church of England, and a shortage of priests. Opposition came not only from Catholics, but also from more extreme Protestants, known as Puritans, who objected to any compromise with Catholic ideas. [67], Gradually, England was transformed into a Protestant country as the prayer book shaped Elizabethan religious life. Later on, 28th May 1533, Archbishop Cranmer announced that marriage of Catherine and Henry is void while his marriage to Anne is valid. [13][14] At certain times, the Queen made her religious preferences clear, such as on Christmas Day 1558, when before Mass she instructed Bishop Owen Oglethorpe not to elevate the host. Bishops Watson of Lincoln and White of Winchester were imprisoned in the Tower. For many Protestants, clerical vestments symbolised a continued belief in a priestly order separate from the congregation,[71] and could be interpreted by Catholics as affirmation of traditional doctrines. Religion was a major factor in Elizabethan England. When Elizabeth inherited the throne, England was bitterly divided between Catholics and Protestants as a result of various religious changes initiated by Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. Henry VIII had broken from the Roman Catholic Church and the authority of the pope, becoming Supreme Head of the Church of England. The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. Elizabethan Era Daily Life Facts in England | Religion and Education Details: The Elizabethan period in England had a daily life based on social order: the monarch as the highest, the nobility as second rank, the gentry as third, merchants as fourth, and laborers as fifth.The queen was believed to be Gods representation here on Earth. From there they wrote and published a large body of Catholic polemical work to counter Protestantism, particularly Thomas Harding, Richard Smyth, and William Allen. [40] These new royal injunctions were meant to fill in the details of the settlement and were to be enforced nationwide by six groups of clerical and lay commissioners. The 1662 prayer book mandated by the 1662 Act of Uniformity was a slightly revised version of the previous book. This perception was seemingly confirmed when Elizabeth was excommunicated by Pope Pius V in February 1570. Find out why Lesson 1 Why did Elizabeth's background and character impact on her early reign? In 1559 she passed two laws: This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church, taking power away from the Catholic Pope in Rome. Laud and his followers believed the Reformation had gone too far and launched a "'Beauty of Holiness' counter-revolution, wishing to restore what they saw as lost majesty in worship and lost dignity for the sacerdotal priesthood. The Act of Uniformity was the most important part of the Elizabethan Settlement of Religion. Englands trade with Turkey, Morocco and Persia (which continued intermittently throughout this period) transformed the domestic economy of Elizabethan England, from what people ate to what they wore and even what they said. The Elizabethan Settlement was an attempt to end this religious turmoil. The Church then forcibly accepted and agreed to the fact that Henry was now the Protector and Supreme Head on earth of the English Church till laws of God allows. This may be because Elizabeth I could reign over England for about 40 years and Mary I had just 5 years to rule. [57] Churches employed singers for special occasions,[58] which might be paid with money, wine, or ale and bread. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Roman Catholicism was enforced in England and Wales during the reign of Mary I. Protestants were persecuted and a number were executed as heretics. 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