", "Is Ethiopia Flying Iranian-Made Armed Drones? [77] According to refugees, pro-TPLF forces used Hitsats as a base for several weeks in November 2020, killing several refugees who wanted to leave the camp to get food and, in one incident, killed nine young Eritrean men in revenge for having lost a battle against the EDF. But since June 2021, the Ethiopian army has endured continued setbacks and has been forced to withdraw from Tigray. Recently, in a speech made at the UN general assembly, President Biden mentioned the need for an African Union-led peace initiative regarding the conflict, a position long held by Ethiopia, but one the rebels disparaged, with their spokesman accusing the AU assigned chief mediator, Olusegun Obasanjo as being too close to Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. The ENDF gained control of the town one day later. [Ethiopia] is seeking support in the face of the escalating tension with the United States, which rejects the inhumane conditions in the Tigray region." . ", "Highlight 17/2021 - The Fallout of Ethnic Federalism", "Why there are fears that Ethiopia could break up", "Tigray crisis: Ethiopia orders military response after army base seized", "Ethiopia arrest warrant for ex-spy chief, Getachew Assefa", "Diaspora Protesters in US, Canada Back Ethiopian Government's Handling of Tigray Conflict", "Ethiopia peace talks start in South Africa", "Tigray peace talks begin in South Africa but hopes low for halt to fighting", "Ethiopia postpones August election due to coronavirus", "Ethiopia extends PM and lawmakers' terms, to hold polls within a year", "Ethiopia Extends Leaders' Terms Until Delayed Vote Is Held", "What To Know About Ethiopia's Tigray Conflict", "Ethiopia's Tigray region defies PM Abiy with 'illegal' election", "Ethiopia appoints new Tigray leader, Amnesty reports 'massacre', "Ethiopia bars journalists from flying to Tigray regional vote, passengers say", "Journalists Say They Were Barred from Traveling to Cover Ethiopian Regional Election", "Ethiopian lawmakers vote to slash funds for Tigray", "News: Tigray region says it will defy federal laws enacted as of Oct. 05; EDP calls for transitional gov't, inclusive dialogue & reconciliation", "Eritrea's Role in Ethiopia's Conflict and the Fate of Eritrean Refugees in Ethiopia", "Pre-conditions impede Commission's reconciliatory efforts", "Ethiopia's Tigray blocks general's appointment in blow to Abiy", "Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia", Report of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC)/Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Joint Investigation into Alleged Violations of International Human Rights, Humanitarian and Refugee Law Committed by all Parties - Ethiopia, "The midnight confrontation that helped unleash Ethiopia's conflict", "Ethiopia: A timeline of the Tigray crisis", "State of Emergency Inquiry Board Begins Work", "Ethiopia warns civilians of 'no mercy' in Tigray offensive", "Ethiopia declares state of emergency in opposition-ruled Tigray", "News Alert: House of Federation adopts resolution to establish a transitional government in Tigray", "Several injured in airstrikes on Tigray capital, humanitarian source says", "Ethiopia: Investigation reveals evidence that scores of civilians were killed in massacre in Tigray state", "Ethiopians fleeing to Sudan describe air strikes and machete killings in Tigray", "After the bombs they attacked with knives, claim Ethiopians fleeing peace prize winner's war", "Situation of Civilians in Humera, Dansha, and Bissober Brief Monitoring Report", "Ethiopian state TV says 70 graves found town of Humera in Tigray region after conflict", "Situation Report EEPA HORN No. The war was primarily fought in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia between the Ethiopian federal government and Eritrea on one side, and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) on the other.. After years of increased tensions and hostilities between the TPLF and the governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea . At the end of the day, Ethiopia is avoiding becoming a client State of any nation and is maintaining its strategic autonomy. The chief executive of the interim. [213], On 22 November, Prime Minister Abiy stated that he will be leading the fight against the rebels from the battlefront after the TDF claimed to have captured Shewa Robit,[214][215] saying; "We are now in the final stages of saving Ethiopia. Abiy kicked off a military campaign in the Tigray region, known as Operation Law enforcement, andpromised to swiftly defeat the TPLF fighters. Four other regional governments also made a call to arms. [62] The TDF claimed they also linked up with the OLA. At the end of the day, Ethiopia is avoiding becoming a client State of any nation and is maintaining its strategic autonomy. The Ethiopian army accused Sudan of providing support to Tigray fighters who tried to infiltrate from the Mahalla area on the border between the two countries. [363], Since then, the area has been under the de facto control of Amhara regional authorities. rebels. [155] The TDF also began to dig into their positions in rural Tigray,[156] marking the start of a guerrilla campaign against Ethiopian-allied forces from the mountains. [360], UNICEF stated that by the end of September 2022, around 574,000 more people in Afar, Amhara and Tigray were left displaced after fighting resumed in August 2022; they also reported that over 870,000 had become refugees. USAs own allies are not with him. However, if and when it is built, the megadam will help Ethiopia in generating enough hydroelectricity to solve its own power problems and also those of its neigbours. However, no one except the US wants to support the TPLF fighters in their bid to break up the nation of Ethiopia. [367], Claire Wilmot, writing in The Washington Post, found that a significant number of new, single-issue Twitter accounts were opened in the immediate aftermath of the Northern Command attacks. to solve its own power problems and also those of its neigbours. [306] They issued another emergency alert on 20 November 2021, stating that "both sides are committing genocide," referring to detentions of thousands of people based on Oromo or Tigrayan ethnic identity, and arguing that "Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's hate speech and calls for war" together with attacks by the ENDF and TPLF put Ethiopia into stages 4 (dehumanization), 6 (polarization), 8 (persecution), and 9 (extermination) of the ten stages of genocide. [315] There were "deeply distressing reports of sexual and gender-based violence, extrajudicial killings, [and the] widespread destruction and looting of public and private property by all parties" according to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. President Tshisekedi insists the M23 rebels are supported by neighbouring Rwanda, an accusation Kigali has continued to deny. v. t. e. This Timeline of the Tigray War (July 2021 to present) is part of a chronology of the military engagements of the Tigray War, a civil war that began in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia in early November 2020. "[54][55] Federal allied forces captured Mekelle, the capital of the Tigray Region, on 28 November, after which Abiy declared the operation "over. [179], On 29 June, Tigrayan forces vowed to continue their offensive and drive into Eritrea or the Amhara Region if necessary, and said that Mekelle was 100% under the control of Tigrayan forces. [286][287], Former head of the Somali National Intelligence and Security Agency, Abdilsalan Guld,[288] claimed that Somali troops were sent to Tigray. Beginning to December 2020. "[380], On 20 May 2022, Ethiopian law enforcement began arresting journalists en masse, with 4,500 people in the Amhara Region alone being taken into custody. [241] On 13 September 2022, the TPLF said Eritrea had taken Sheraro. ", "Ethiopia's Civil War Is Heating Up Once Again", "Tigray rebels announce troop deployment in northern Ethiopia", "More than 50 killed in northern Ethiopia air strike -aid workers and Tigray forces", "Ethiopia's Tigray forces say Eritreans widen war offensive", "Eritreans hunted down as military call-up intensifies over Ethiopia's Tigray war", "Ethiopia's civil war: Inside Tigray's capital Mekelle", "Tigray faces a new onslaught by Eritrean-Ethiopian forces", "Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Civilian bloodbath warning as offensive escalates", "Ethiopia says it will seize airports in rebel-held Tigray region", "Ethiopian soldiers take strategic city in Tigray amid civilian exodus", "Why the capture of Shire is so important for Ethiopia", "Ethiopian army captures several towns in war-torn Tigray", "Ethiopia takes Tigray town ahead of anticipated peace talks", "Ethiopia Steps up Offensive Against Tigray Rebels", "Witnesses allege Eritrean abuses during Ethiopia peace talks", "Peace talks aimed at ending Ethiopia's deadly Tigray conflict begin in South Africa", "News: Ethiopia cautions to weigh its options, consider relations with unnamed "states and entities" making "unsubstantiated and politically motivated" accusations", "Ethiopian rivals agree on humanitarian access for war-ravaged Tigray", "Etiopian poliisi palasi Tigrayhin rauhansopimuksen myt", "Tears, prayers as flights resume to Ethiopia's Tigray region", "News: Tigrayan officials say peace agreement aims to "rescue people of Tigray", accuse Eritrean forces of continued atrocities on civilians", "Kidnappings, looting cited in Ethiopia's Tigray after truce", "Looting, forced removals plague Ethiopia's Tigray despite truce, witnesses say", "Ethiopia Peace Process Undermined as Eritrean Forces Continue Attacking Civilians", "UN: Ethiopia's victory claim doesn't mean war is finished", "Factbox: The forces fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray conflict", "Analysis-Spillover from Tigray conflict adds to pressure on Sudan", "Tensions escalate as Sudanese forces gather near Ethiopian border", "EXCLUSIVE U.S. concerned over Turkey's drone sales to conflict-hit Ethiopia", "Tigray conflict: What do we know about drone strikes in Ethiopia? Ethiopia's military accused the World Health Organization (WHO) chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Thursday of supporting and trying to procure arms and diplomatic backing for Tigray state's . Strong winds and rains are currently causing uncomfortable weather on the popular vacation island. [108] In turn, the TPLF has accused the federal government of accumulating too much power for itself, and that it was engaging in ethnic discrimination of Tigrayans. 45 of those cargo flights originated in the UAE while only six came from the Shiite nation of Iran. [212][62] On 5 November, the TPLF, OLA and other rebel groups declared the creation of a nine-group coalition, called the United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces. [123] The same day before the Tigray forces launched the Northern Command attacks, the federal parliament of Ethiopia had suggested designating the TPLF as a terrorist organization. Along with that, an estimated 250 motorized water pumping systems have been out of order, and the status of 11,000 hand pumps in rural areas was unknown. [81] An estimated 385,000600,000 people have been killed,[44] and war rape became a "daily" occurrence, with girls as young as 8 and women as old as 72 being raped, often in front of their families. [135][136] Two days later, refugees interviewed by the Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and The New York Times stated that Amhara militias, including Fano,[137][138] and the ENDF[78] carried out beatings and massacres of 92 Tigrayans in Humera. [53] The ENDF counterattacked from the south while Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) began launching attacks from the north which Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed described as "law enforcement operations. [254] Tigray mobilized its citizens too, calling on every able-bodied person to join the fight. 13,000,000 in need of food aid[43], After years of increased tensions and hostilities between the TPLF and the governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea, fighting began when Tigrayan security forces attacked the Northern Command headquarters of the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF), alongside a number of other bases in Tigray. , Ethiopia has managed to decimate the US-backed Tigray fighters with relentless aerial bombardment. [346], By the summer of 2022, the government blockade of essential services to Tigray was still in place, and the humanitarian situation remained severe, with roughly 13 million people being in need of food aid. [191] The next day, Lalibela was reported to have been seized by Tigrayan forces. [197] On 30 September, amid UN concerns about a blockade of aid deliveries to Tigray, the Ethiopian government expelled 7 top UN officials, reportedly because of "meddling" in its internal affairs, giving the officials 72 hours to leave the country. Yabsira Eshetie, the administrator of the area, denied the claims. [345], According to the UN, in March 2021, out of more than 260 health centres in Tigray before the war, only 31 were fully functional, while 7 were partially functional. Egypt has joined BRICS de-dollarisation campaign, The real reason why US denied giving Abram tanks to Ukraine. for investment needs. The terms of the November 2 peace agreement include disarming rebel forces, restoring federal . Last November, as . [332] Although the Ethiopian federal government claimed to have given "full and unhindered access for humanitarian actors to operate in all parts of the region," many humanitarian agencies reported having been repulsed at army checkpoints and blocked from entry to various regions. The UAE is the biggest example of this defiance, and Ethiopia is the battlefield. But activists are spreading the news", "From Basma to Ethiopia How C2FC is Using Lethal Journalism to Conduct Information Warfare and Lawfare against Ethiopia", "Ethiopia: Diaspora Community to Debunk Fake News Using Mainstream Media", "Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Fact-checking misleading images", "These old images do not show recent protests in Ethiopia's Tigray region", "Facebook 'lets vigilantes in Ethiopia incite ethnic killing', "Facebook is under new scrutiny for it's [sic] role in Ethiopia's conflict", "Facebook knew it was being used to incite violence in Ethiopia. [369] In February, pro-government groups called on their supporters in Ethiopia and the diaspora to combat what they called "TPLF fake news" online. It also rejected any moves by the African Union (AU) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) to intervene to solve the crisis. The frequent Emirati cargo flights to Ethiopia make it clear that the United Arab Emirates is not abandoning Ethiopia. Ethiopia is strategically located in the Horn of Africa, which is a gateway to major world shipping flows via the Red Sea and the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean. [179] The Ethiopian government claimed, on 30 June, that it could re-enter Mekelle in less than three weeks if it wanted to. The Amhara government also denied the reports of forced displacement and asked the Ethiopian government to modify the border between the Amhara and Tigray regions. [268] By 29 December, federal police were reported to have returned to Tigray,[269] while flights and internet access had also been restored. [246][247][248] The TDF had, thus far, largely resisted the offensive, and reportedly launched a counterattack to retake Sheraro. The comment came from Salih during a. Of these, this includes: an emergency Intergovernmental Authority on Development summit in December 2020;[386] a joint statement by the National Congress of Great Tigray, the Tigray Independence Party, and Salsay Weyane Tigray describing their eight pre-conditions for peace in February 2021;[387] a mediation group called "A3+1," (consisting of three African countries, Kenya, Niger and Tunisia, and one non-African country, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) in JulyAugust 2021;[388] and a MarchAugust 2022 ceasefire wherein Ethiopian and Tigrayan officials attempted to negotiate a peaceful end to the conflict. They had been controlling all businesses in Ethiopia when they were in power before they. [209] Meanwhile, it was reported that a new roundup of ethnic Tigrayans had occurred in Addis Ababa. [162], By mid-December, fighting had reached Hagere Selam, Samre, Dogua, Kolla Tembien, May Tsemre and localities around Maychew. [41], In December 2020, the UN estimated more than one million people had been internally displaced by the fighting. This is how the Gulf nation is also known to support the Khalifa Haftar regime in Libya against the Turkey-backed regime. It needs new weapon systems to defeat the rapidly advancing TPLF-backed insurgents. [320][315][318][321], Often, soldiers, and militias subjected Tigrayan women and girls, including pregnant women and young girls, to rape, gang rape, sexual slavery, sexual mutilation, and other forms of sexual torture. The US has abandoned Ethiopia. To this day it is the only region in Ethiopia where no credible opposition discourse is tolerated. [110][267] Still, negotiations continued onward, and on 2 November, Ethiopia and the TPLF announced that they had signed an agreement for a cessation of hostilities (made effective the next day on 3 November, marking the two-year anniversary of the war);[50] however, Eritrea and other warring parties were not involved in the agreement, leaving their status ambiguous. The conflict has escalated rapidly since June, when fighters began to retake most of Tigray and expand intoneighboring regions. [226] However, in January 2022, the Ethiopian Air Force began launching a bombing campaign in the Tigray Region, killing 108 people, including at least 56 from an airstrike targeting an IDP camp in Dedebit. [253] Later reports confirmed that Eritrea was intensifying its efforts to mobilize more troops for the war; it detained "elderly mothers and fathers," and sought draft-dodgers. 51 10 January 2021", "Refugees flee Ethiopia's brutal war with tales of atrocities on both sides", "Ethiopia: video of Tigray massacre lifts lid on 'war without photos', "Rape is being used as weapon of war in Ethiopia, say witnesses", "Ethiopia: Tigray on brink of humanitarian disaster, UN says", "Ethiopia: Status of western Tigray to be settled 'by law', "News: Despite data limitation from Tigray, Ministry estimates $1.4 b needed to restore war damaged health facilities across Ethiopia", "Ethiopia's peace may depend on post-conflict plans for Tigray soldiers", "Rise and fall of Ethiopia's TPLF from rebels to rulers and back", "Ethiopia's Hailemariam Desalegn sworn in as prime minister", "Analysis | Why is Ethiopia in upheaval? [368], Facebook has been heavily criticized for its perceived role in fuelling ethnic tensions during the war, and has faced accusations that, in choosing not to crack down on hate speech being spread by Ethiopian users, it is complicit in cases of ethnic cleansing in the country. Meanwhile, Eritrean troops still occupy parts of the region, despite calls for . [125][126][47][105] Several people were killed and the TPLF claimed the attack was carried out in self-defence[127][107] or preemptive self-defense. United Arab Emirates has supported the Abiy government financially and also with drones (Unmanned Air Vehicles) in the war on Tigray. [192][193] On 9 August, UNICEF executive director Henrietta Fore expressed concern about reports that over 200 people, including 100 children, had been killed in attacks on displaced families sheltering at a health facility and a school in the Afar Region. [196], On 9 September 2021, the Ethiopian government claimed Tigrayan forces had been "routed" and heavily defeated in the Afar Region. The Chinese-made, armed drones bombed Tigrayan artillery and weapons depots. [322], There have been several reported attacks on humanitarian workers, including attacks by Ethiopian government soldiers. [291][292][293][294] As of late 2022, the combined impact of wartime violence, famine and a lack of medical access had killed an estimated 385,000-600,000 people,[44] with other reported estimates reaching numbers as high as 700,000-800,000 killed. [309] During the conflict, many Tigrayans were profiled both professionally and socially, with many fired or called names when out in public as a result of the conflict, such as Tigrayan military members having their weapons confiscated or dismissed from duty. 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